Conventional hand-drawn cartoon animation often uses 15 frames per second in order to save on the number of drawings needed, but this is usually accepted because of the stylized nature of cartoons. At rates below 12 frames per second, most people can detect jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images that detracts from the illusion of realistic movement. (A frame is one complete image.) With rates above 75-120 frames per second, no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye and the brain both process images. To trick the eye and the brain into thinking they are seeing a smoothly moving object, the pictures should be drawn at around 12 frames per second or faster.
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Adobe Flash, X3D) often use software on the end-users computer to render in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations. Low bandwidth animations transmitted via the internet (e.g. The frames may also be rendered in real time as they are presented to the end-user audience. For pre-recorded presentations, the rendered frames are transferred to a different format or medium, like digital video. For 2D vector animations, the rendering process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed. įor 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after the modeling is complete. The differences in appearance between key frames are automatically calculated by the computer in a process known as tweening or morphing. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are used with or without that virtual skeleton. JSTOR ( November 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)įor 3D animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Computer animation" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Finally, the animation is rendered.For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after the modeling is complete. This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures.įor 3D animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it, but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24, 25 or 30 frames/second). It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props. Computer-generated animations are more controllable than other more physically based processes, constructing miniatures for effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other technology. Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes film as well.Ĭomputer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to the moving images. Computer animation is the process used for digitally generating animated images.